Kidney Cancer

Kidney Cancer Surgery

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for kidney cancer. The goal is to remove the tumor completely while preserving as much normal kidney function as possible. The choice of procedure depends on the size, location, and stage of the tumor.

  • Partial Nephrectomy: Removal of only the tumor while preserving the healthy part of the kidney (kidney-sparing surgery).
  • Radical Nephrectomy: Complete removal of the affected kidney along with surrounding tissues, if required.
  • Robotic-Assisted Nephrectomy: Advanced minimally invasive surgery with smaller incisions, less pain, minimal blood loss, and faster recovery.
  • Laparoscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive surgery performed using small incisions and a camera for better precision and quicker healing.

Early-stage kidney cancers treated surgically have excellent outcomes. Robotic and laparoscopic techniques have significantly improved precision and patient recovery.

Kidney Cancer (Renal Cancer)

Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, occurs when abnormal cells in the kidney grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. Most kidney cancers begin in the lining of tiny tubules and are called renal cell carcinoma. Many cases are detected early, making treatment more effective.

About the Kidneys

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine. Their main function is to filter blood, remove waste, and produce urine.

Symptoms of Kidney Cancer

  • Blood in urine (hematuria)
  • Pain in the side or lower back
  • Lump in abdomen or side
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Persistent fever
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Swelling in legs or ankles

Risk Factors

  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • High blood pressure
  • Family history of kidney cancer
  • Long-term dialysis
  • Genetic conditions (e.g., VHL disease)
  • Exposure to harmful chemicals

Advanced Treatment Options

Targeted Therapy

  • Anti-angiogenic drugs (block blood supply to tumors)
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • mTOR inhibitors

Immunotherapy (Biologic Therapy)

  • Interferon therapy
  • Interleukin-2
  • New-age immunotherapy drugs

Radiation Therapy

Often used to help with symptoms of kidney cancer or in patients who cannot have surgery, this treatment uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or halt their growth. External radiation therapy sends radiation to the cancer from a machine outside the body.

Chemotherapy

This therapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from multiplying. Less effective for kidney cancer than for other types of cancer, chemotherapy is mostly used for a certain type of kidney cancer in which there spindle cells (sarcomatoid variant).